Embryology
Body Systems
Explore the embryological formation of human organ systems — from fertilization to birth.
Axial Skeleton
الهيكل المحوري
Formation of the vertebral column, skull, and ribs from paraxial mesoderm through somitogenesis
Circulatory System
الجهاز الدوري
Development of the four-chambered heart and vascular network from the primitive heart tube
Respiratory System
الجهاز التنفسي
Lung maturation across four histological stages from ventral foregut outgrowth
Gastrointestinal System
الجهاز الهضمي
Development of the gut tube, stomach rotation, and accessory organs
Urogenital System
الجهاز البولي التناسلي
Formation of kidneys, gonads, and reproductive ducts from intermediate mesoderm
Nervous System
الجهاز العصبي
Development of the neural tube, brain vesicles, and spinal cord layers
Muscular System
الجهاز العضلي
Myogenesis, somite to myotome differentiation, and skeletal vs smooth vs cardiac muscle origins
Integumentary System
الجهاز اللحافي
Development of epidermis (ectoderm), dermis (mesoderm), and appendages like hair, nails, and glands
Endocrine System
جهاز الغدد الصماء
Dual origin of the pituitary gland, development of thyroid, adrenal glands, and endocrine pancreas
Lymphatic System
الجهاز اللمفاوي
Development of lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, and basic immune cell origins
Special Senses
الحواس الخاصة
Embryological formation of the eye (retina and lens) and the ear (inner and middle ear)
Body Cavities
تجاويف الجسم
Formation of pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities, and diaphragm development
Placenta & Fetal Membranes
المشيمة والأغشية الجنينية
Development of chorion, amnion, yolk sac, umbilical cord, and maternal-fetal circulation